First Things First: Fasting Triglycerides Baseline Level
The purpose of this website is to present, to all who want the knowledge, a safe and dependable method through which individuals can lower their elevated blood triglyceride levels. You can achieve astonishing results - if you put your mind to it. By having the whole page printed, you can read it in a nice easy chair, away from that glaring monitor.
In practice, the proper way of obtaining a true baseline triglyceride measurement is often given no more than lip service.
Many patients are not aware that the test for triglycerides - using a blood sample drawn from a vein or a fingertip - should be done after an overnight fasting when no extra triglycerides from a recent meal are present (when triglycerides are being sent from the gut to body's fat tissue for storage).
Overnight fasting is essential for triglycerides (it is not necessary to measure cholesterol though).
Triglyceride blood concentrations change significantly with your food intake, as opposed to relatively stable levels of cholesterol circulating in the blood. Whenever you eat a meal that contains fat, your triglyceride levels rise. The degree of the increase depends on the baseline level.
For example, if your triglyceride level is about 50 mg/dL, or 0.6 mmol/L after eating a classic fast-food "meal" of a hamburger, French fries, and milkshake, your triglycerides may increase by 15 percent to 20 percent.
In other words, the triglyceride level may rise to 70 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), 80 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L), or perhaps 90 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) - but still will remain within the optimal range (below 100 mg/dL, or 1.1 mmol/L).
If your baseline triglyceride level is greater than 200 mg/dL, or 2.3 mmol/L
- that high-fat junk "meal" could catapult your triglycerides to 300 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L), 400 mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L), or even 500 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), and
- this elevation may be prolonged for several hours beyond the normal eight-hour clearance period.
High Triglycerides: Stay Alert and Ask Questions
The most common cause of an elevated triglyceride level is a non-fasting specimen. |
By applying these guidelines, you will be able to take control of your health care, just as we all should do.
Unfortunately, your doctor may have you take the blood test without informing you of all factors that might affect the results.
You never know when even a “highly regarded” doctor might be rushed or inexperienced, or simply overly comfortable with a procedure, then end up taking a short cut at your expense, recommending a drug or an uncomfortable, invasive procedure based solely on a suspect or false test result.
The lesson: Always ask your doctor for specifics regarding factors that can create false positive or false negative test results.
Nothing, except water, is allowed from bedtime until you get your triglyceride bloodwork done next morning when a lab opens. |
As far as a blood test determining triglyceride levels is concerned, for 12 to 14 hours before the test, only water (no coffee!) is permitted.
Overnight fasting is essential for an accurate measurement of blood triglycerides!
In addition, alcohol should not be consumed for the 24 hours just before the test.
You are also not supposed to take any vitamin supplements 24 hours prior to your fasting blood work. If you are currently on antihistamines, antibiotics or cortisone treatment only, you need to call the lab or your doctor for more information on how to proceed.
Anything taken in, other than water, during that time can elevate the blood triglycerides as they change dramatically in response to meals. Without the proper fasting, they can easily be high enough to prompt your doctor to prescribe drugs.
However, even fasting levels may vary considerably day to day. Therefore modest changes in fasting triglycerides measured on different days are not considered to be abnormal.
Due to a lack of standardized measurement, however, variability in triglyceride measurements may occur.
Daily concentrations of blood triglycerides vary more than the concentrations of most other metabolites and can be affected especially by:
- previous alcohol (ethanol) consumption
- dehydration, and
- other factors, such as some drugs and ascorbic acid/vitamin C (they can decrease triglyceride measurements).
Another factor that affects triglyceride measurement is postural change; the level can vary by as much as 15 percent, depending on whether your were standing or supine when the blood was drawn, because of associated shifts in plasma volume.
Yet another factor is laboratory variability, which can range between 5 percent and 10 percent on a daily basis.
Finally, intraindividual variability can be another 5 percent to 10 percent.
Those variations, however, will not matter as much in those who have an optimal baseline triglyceride value as they will in people who have an elevated value, in whom the variability will tend to be much more dramatic.
It should also be noted that test for blood (serum) triglycerides should not be performed on specimens collected between 24 hours and 8 weeks after myocardial infarction (heart attack), as levels will be lower than usual.
However, lipid profiles are best avoided following acute myocardial infarct, for up to 3 months, although cholesterol can be measured in the first 24 hours.
As a rule, variability in triglycerides measurement can be decreased if you are instructed to
- fast overnight for at least twelve (12) hours
- abstain from alcohol for two (2) days, and
- consume two cups (473 mL) of water one (1) hour before the collection of blood.
In particular, the importance of the two-day abstinence from alcohol is based on significant alterations in the plasma fatty acid pattern that persist twenty-four (24) hours after the consumption of alcohol and elevations in triaglycerides observed as late as nine (9) hours after the consumption of alcohol with dinner. (J Chromatogr 1992;579:13–24; Alcohol 1998;33:403–10).
What you should do then?
First, before having blood drawn for a triglyceride check, fast - preferably overnight - several hours. Remember: fasting is essential for triglycerides (it is not necessary to measure cholesterol though).
Second, have the blood test repeated to be sure your measurement is accurate.
Third, tell your physician to also measure LDL and HDL cholesterol. A triglyceride measurement should be accompanied by a complete lipoprotein cholesterol determination.
Standard Fasting Lipid/Lipoprotein Profile
In assessing the risk of heart disease, standard medicine targets mainly total blood cholesterol levels and LDL-"bad" cholesterol. However, people with high cholesterol often have high triglycerides, especially when there is no another disorder present.
Therefore, the type of standard, conventional medical treatment used to lower cholesterol
- depends on whether triglycerides are high or normal, and
- is usually directed toward lowering both cholesterol AND triglycerides.
|
|||||||
|
|
LIPID |
LEVEL |
LEVEL |
LEVEL |
SHOULD BE . . .. |
||
| Total Cholesterol (TC) |
DESIRABLE |
BORDERLINE-HIGH |
HIGH |
Under < 200 mg/dL (depending on your HDL level) | |||
| HDL Cholesterol (High Density Lipoprotein -"Good" Cholesterol) |
DESIRABLE |
ACCEPTABLE |
LOW |
Above > 60 - 70 mg/dL The lower your HDL, the lower your total cholesterol (TC) should be! |
|||
| HDL/TC Ratio: HDL divided by Total Cholesterol (TC) |
IDEAL |
LOW |
VERY DANGEROUS |
Above > 0.24 Example: 80 HD:190 TC = 0.42 The higher the number (HDL:TC ratio), the better - the lower your risk of heart attack. |
|||
| Triglycerides (TRG) | BORDERLINE-HIGH |
HIGH |
VERY HIGH |
Under < 150 mg/dL IDEAL: Under <100m/dL When triglycerides are "severly high" (greater than < 1000 mg/dL), there is a risk of developing pancreatitis. |
|||
| TRG/HDL Ratio: Triglycerides divided by HDL |
IDEAL |
HIGH |
MUCH TOO HIGH |
Under < 2 Example: 110 TRG:60 HDL = < 2 The lower the number (TRG:HDL ratio), the better - the lower your risk of heart attack. |
|||
| LDL Cholesterol (Low Density Lipoprotein - "Bad" Cholesterol) |
NEAR OPTIMAL OR ABOVE OPTIMAL |
BORDERLINE-HIGH |
HIGH |
OPTIMAL: Under < 100 mg/dL VERY HIGH: 190 mg/dL and above |
|||
| LDL Cholesterol FOR HEART PATIENTS |
MUST BE UNDER |
HIGH |
DANGEROUSLY HIGH |
IDEAL: Under < 70 mg/dL (If you are a heart patient, LDL MUST be under < 70 mg/dL) SEE YOUR DOCTOR, IF NOT UNDER < 80 mg/dL. |
|||
| Glucose (GLU): 6-Hour Fasting Blood Sugar |
NORMAL |
HIGH |
VERY HIGH |
Under < 90 SEE YOUR DOCTOR, if 110 mg/dL or above |
|||
| Insulin: 8-Hour Fasting Blood Insulin |
GOOD |
HIGH |
VERY HIGH |
Under < 90 SEE YOUR DOCTOR, if over 10 uU/ml |
|||
PLEASE NOTE: These numbers are based on a fasting lipid profile: 12 to 14 hours before the test (alcohol should NOT be consumed for the 24 hours). IF YOU DON'T FAST, your Triglycerides, LDL, Glucose and Insulin will be higher. | |||||||
Triglycerides: Measurement Units: Mg/dL Vs. Mmol/L
American blood laboratories use a different version of the metric system than does most of the rest of the world, which uses the SI or Systeme Internationale d’Units.
The SI is an international standard recognized around the world – except by the United States of America, Liberia, and Myanmar (Burma) who will probably adopt it in due time.
In some cases translation between the two systems is easy, but the difference between the two is most pronounced in the measurement of chemical concentration.
The American System: mg/dL
The American system generally uses mass per unit volume (milligrams per deciliter of blood). By considering the weight of a substance in the blood, it is less accurate.
The term "mg/dL" then is the abbreviation for milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dL) and describes how much lipid is present in a specific amount of blood.
Greek and Latin words form the prefixes for the units on most lab tests. A milligram is a thousandth (1/1000) of a gram (a gram is about the weight of a paper clip).
A deciliter is one tenth (1/10) of a liter (a liter being just over a quart) or about 1/4 of a pint.
The SI System: mmol/L
The SI system (Systeme Internationale) - in Canada, Australia, Europe, and other countries - uses moles per unit volume (millimoles per liter of blood). By considering the number of molecules of a substance in the blood, it is more accurate then.
The term "mmol/L" is the abbreviation for millimoles (mmol) per liter/litre (L) and describes how much lipid is present in a specific amount of blood.
A millimole is 1/1,000 of a mole. A mole is an amount of a substance (in this case, triglyceride or cholesterol) that contains a certain number of molecules or atoms.
Since mass per mole varies with the molecular weight of the substance being analyzed, conversion between the American and SI units requires many different conversion factors.
Triglycerides Conversion:
multiply by (x) 0.01129
Cholesterol Conversion:
multiply by (x) 0.02586
Glucose (GLU) Conversion:
For diabetics wishing to converse in American sugar lingo, the conversion is 18. For example, a blood sugar reading of 7.5 mmol/L multiplied by 18 yields 135 mg/dL.
Blood Triglycerides: "Normal" Range
There is still conflicting opinion among medical experts regarding when a triglyceride level is too high.
Triglycerides test results are reported as numerical values rather than as "high" or "low", or "normal". Therefore, it is necessary to know the reference range for the test which may vary by person's age, sex, etc.
What does the fasting triglyceride test result mean? How high is high?
As triglyceride levels in the blood vary a great deal, right now, the general figure ("normal" or "healthy" range) is based on a fasting level of under 150 mg/dL.
Blood Triglycerides: Current Guidelines
In May, 2001, the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), a division of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), released recommendations on who should be treated for elevated triglyceride levels.
The NCEP recommendations ("consensus statements") are the products of independent, non-Federal panels of experts and are based on the panels' assessments of medical knowledge available at the time the statements were made. Therefore, they provide "snapshots in time" of the state of knowledge of the topics (new knowledge, however, is inevitably accumulating through medical research).
Here is the American Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel’s current policy on fasting blood triglyceride levels in adults:
| less than 150 mg/dL (<1.69 mmol/L) | Normal |
| 150 - 199 mg/dL (1.69–2.25 mmol/L) | Borderline-high |
| 200 - 499 mg/dL (2.26–5.64 mmol/L) | High |
| higher than 500 mg/dL (>5.64 mmol/L) | Very high |
Here are the Canadian guidelines on fasting blood triglyceride levels in adults:
| less than 2.0 mmol/L (<177.2 mg/dL) | Optimal |
| 2.0 - 2.5 mmol/L (177.2 - 221.5 mg/dL) | Acceptable |
| higher than 2.5 mmol/L (>221.5 mg/dL) | Compromised |
According to some European guidelines, blood triglyceride levels in adults should be categorized as follows:
| less than 1.7 mmol/L (<150.1 mg/dL) | No risk |
| between 1.7 - 2.3 mmol/L (150.1 - 203.1 mg/dL) | Suspect |
| fasting 1.7 - 2.3 mmol/L (151.1 - 203.1 mg/dL) | Requiring attention and intervention |
|
2.3 - 4.6 mmol/L (203.1 - 407.1 mg/dL) with high LDL cholesterol (greater than 4.1 mmol/L, or 160 mg/dL) |
Requiring aggressive treatment |
The following "normal" blood triglyceride reference ranges are based on someone's age:
| Age | "Normal" Triglyceride Range |
| 10 - 29 years | 53 - 104 mg/dL, or 0.6 - 1.2 mmol/L |
| 30 - 39 years | 55 - 115 mg/dL, or 0.6 - 1.3 mmol/L |
| 40 - 49 years | 66 - 139 mg/dL, or 0.7 - 1.6 mmol/L |
| 50 - 59 | 75 - 163 mg/dL, or 0.8 - 1.8 mmol/L |
| 60 - 69 | 78 - 158 mg/dL, or 0.88 - 1.8 mmol/L |
| > 70 years | 83 - 141 mg/dL, or 0.94 - 1.6 mmol/L |
Keep in mind, these are only guidelines. The ranges were developed based on the entire population and may not apply to individuals.
PLEASE NOTE: Fasting values should be based on two serial measurements of serum (blood) triglycerides. Serial measurements are important because of intraindividual triglyceride variability which is 5 times that of cholesterol.
Favorable and Healthy Blood Triglyceride Levels
As the "optimal" levels reflect health, the IDEAL (ie. beneficial) blood triglyceride levels for cardiovascular health seem to be the levels between 70 mg/dL, or 0.8 mmol/L and 100 mg/dL, or 1.1 mmol/L. |
Although medical establishments consider blood triglyceride levels of 10 - 150 mg/dL, or 0.1 - 1.7 mmol/L normal, or good, according to many experts, desirable or favorable fasting blood triglyceride levels should be 50 - 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 0.6 - 1.7 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) of blood.
"Normal", however, does NOT necessarily mean "healthy" as it may include both healthy and many unhealthy people. We want "healthy", not just "normal" serum triglyceride (and other lipid) levels.
Therefore, in order to avoid future cardiovascular health problems, the "ideal" or beneficial (healthy) range of triglycerides should be much tighter than the often quoted "normal" triglyceride range referred to by your doctor, that is below 150 mg/dL, or 1.7 mmol/L.
This is important as elevations of the blood triglycerides, particularly in association with decreased HDL-"good" cholesterol, outside this range are the key marker for heart disease and stroke.
"Research shows that levels above 100 mg/dl significantly increase your risk for heart attack," says Bruce Holub, PhD, nutrition researcher at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.
For each mmol/L increase in triglycerides - which translates into 88.5 mg/dL - the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases by 37 percent in women and 14 percent in men.
All else being equal, a man with a triglyceride level of 300 mg/dL would have a risk of cardiovascular events roughly 28 percent higher than that of an otherwise comparable man who has a level of 100 mg/dL (a meta-analysis by John Hokanson and Melissa Austin, 1996).
Therefore, for every percentage your triglyceride level drops, so can your chance of heart disease or stroke.
Physical Symptoms of High Triglycerides
Most people with borderline-high (150 - 199 mg/dL, or 1.7–2.3 mmol/L) or high triglycerides (200 - 499 mg/dL, or 2.3–5.6 mmol/L) will not have any symptoms. That's what makes it so scary. Because no one feels badly with high triglycerides, a lot of people simply have no clue!
Even in people with severe blood triglycerides - 1000 mg/dL, or 11.3 mmol/L, or acutely and massively elevated triglycerides - results from the physical examination are variable, ranging from normal examination results to one or more of the following findings:
- When sustained elevated triglycerides are well above 1000 mg/dL sometimes eruptive xanthomas are found. These are 1- to 3-mm pin-head yellow papules, or bumps on an erythematous base occurring mostly on the back, buttocks, chest, bony elbows, knees and heels.
|
A close-up of an eruptive xanthoma on the back of a man with a triglyceride level of 4600 mg/dL, or 51.9 mmol/L and acute pancreatitis. In all people, eruptive xanthomas are a sign of severe blood triglyceride levels. |
-
The lesions are caused by accumulations of chylomicrons and will disappear gradually when triglycerides are kept below 1000 mg/dL. If the diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas, a benign condition, is in doubt, obtaining a biopsy of the suspicious lesions will reveal accumulations of fat (not cholesterol).
- Adults with dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III) - a rare lipid disorder with high levels of blood triglycerides (greater than 400 mg/dL or even 1000 mg/dL) and cholesterol - may have palmar xanthomas (yellowish creases of the palms). This type of xanthoma is considered characteristic of this disorder. Tuberous or tuberoeruptive xanthomas, which also may occur in other hyperlipidemias, may arise on the elbows, knees, or buttocks.
- The mid epigastric area or upper right or left quadrants will be tender to palpation, if pancreatitis or the chylomicronemia syndrome is present. Also in people with the chylomicronemia syndrome, memory loss, dementia, and depression have been reported.
- Triglyceride levels of 4000 mg/dL or higher, or >45.2 mmol/L may cause a condition known as lipemia retinalis, in which eye examination reveals retinal blood vessels (and occasionally the retina) that have a pale pink, milky appearance.
- Adults with dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III) - a rare lipid disorder with high levels of blood triglycerides (greater than 400 mg/dL or even 1000 mg/dL) and cholesterol - may have palmar xanthomas (yellowish creases of the palms). This type of xanthoma is considered characteristic of this disorder. Tuberous or tuberoeruptive xanthomas, which also may occur in other hyperlipidemias, may arise on the elbows, knees, or buttocks.
It should be noted that fairly common on the eyelids, xanthomas - yellow, soft and slightly raised non-contagious bumps made of cholesterol deposits - are also a sign of elevated cholesterol levels.
Classification of Cholesterol Levels
Here is the American Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel’s current policy on total cholesterol blood levels in adults:
The NCEP is a division of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its recommendations ("consensus statements") are the products of independent, non-Federal panels of experts and are based on the panels' assessments of medical knowledge available at the time the statements were made.
Therefore, they provide "snapshots in time" of the state of knowledge of the topics (new knowledge, however, is inevitably accumulating through medical research).
It should be noted, however, that the usually quoted "normal" blood lipid levels do change as they depend upon the levels found in the majority of the population as well as upon what... health officials decide is normal.
The Cholesterol Fractions: LDL & HDL
Although total serum cholesterol doesn't correlate with cardiovascular disease in the range of 180 to 240, certain fractions of that total cholesterol do correlate.
These fractions are HDL-"good" (high density) and LDL-"bad" (low density) cholesterol. This is why you need a Lipid Profile, also called a Lipid Panel, and not just a total cholesterol when you get your blood drawn.
Simply said,
- LDL carries cholesterol for cell building needs, but leaves behind any excess on artery walls and in tissues;
- HDL helps to prevent narrowing of the artery walls by removing the excess cholesterol and transporting it to the liver for excretion.
For this reason, their blood levels are important markers for cardiovascular health and disease.
LDL-"bad" cholesterol level:
- less than 100 mg/dL (<2.6 mmol/L) is considered optimal
- 100 mg/dL - 129 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L - 3.4 mmol/L) - near optimal or above optimal
- 130 mg/dL - 159 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L - 4.1 mmol/L) - borderline high
- 160 mg/dL - 189 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/L - 4.9 mmol/L) - high
- 190 mg/dL and above (4.9 mmol/L and greater) is considered very high.
HDL-"good" cholesterol level:
- 60 mg/dL (>1.6 mmol/L) or higher is considered desirable (it reduces the risk of heart disease, even if total or LDL cholesterol is high)
- 40 mg/dL - 60 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L - 1.6 mmol/L) - acceptable
- below 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) is considered low (it increases the risk for coronary artery disease in people who also have high total cholesterol levels).
Low levels of HDL-"good" cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of congnitive impairment and dementia - a chronic or persistent deterioration of intellectual function and cognitive skills.
Symptoms of dementia include memory loss, personality changes, lack of interest in personal care, impaired reasoning ability and disorientation. As cardiovascular disease and stroke are important risk factors for dementia, the optimal levels of HDL cholesterol may help to prevent dementia. (Van Exel, E., et al. Association between high-density lipoprotein and cognitive impairment in the oldest old. Annals of Neurology.Vol. 51, Issue 6, June 2002:716-721).
However, according to Robert H. Eckel, professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, not all HDL is created equal. Just as we once thought all cholesterol was bad, there is now evidence that some "good" HDL may not be good after all.
The Desired Cholesterol Ratios
The published evidence is quite clear in documenting that the actual total cholesterol level itself is not the most important risk factor of cardiovascular disease.
It is the ratio between the level of HDL-"good" cholesterol and total cholesterol.
Therefore, in adults, the HDL-"good" cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio should be higher than 0.24 (just divide your HDL level by your cholesterol).
Or more precisely, the HDL/total cholesterol ratio:
- 0.24 or higher is considered ideal
- under 0.24 - low
- less than 0.10 - very dangerous.
Generally speaking, the higher the ratio, the better - the lower your risk of a heart attack.
However, HDL is closely related to triglycerides. It appears common for people with high triglycerides to have low HDL’s, and these same people also tend to have high levels of clotting factors in their blood stream, which is unhealthy in protecting against heart disease.
Therefore, in adults, the triglyceride/HDL-"good" cholesterol ratio should be below 2 (just divide your triglycerides level by your HDL).
Or more precisely, the triglyceride/HDL ratio:
- 2 or less is considered ideal
- 4 - high
- 6 - much too high.
And, since HDL (high density lipoprotein) is protective against heart disease, the lower the ratio, the better. In other words, the lower your triglycerides, or the higher your HDL, the smaller this ratio becomes.
It is now believed that the triglycerides/HDL ratio is one of the most potent predictors of heart disease. A Harvard-lead study author reported:
-
"High triglycerides alone increased the risk of heart attack nearly three-fold. And people with the highest ratio of triglycerides to HDL -- the "good" cholesterol -- had 16 times the risk of heart attack as those with the lowest ratio of triglycerides to HDL in the study of 340 heart attack patients and 340 of their healthy, same age counterparts.
The ratio of triglycerides to HDL was the strongest predictor of a heart attack, even more accurate than the LDL/HDL ratio (Circulation 1997;96:2520-2525)."
However, association between triglycerides and HDL cholesterol is the most difficult to sort out. It turns out that whenever triglycerides are increased, HDL cholesterol decreases.
So is the increased risk seen with high triglycerides due to the triglycerides themselves, or to the associated reduction in HDL-“good” cholesterol and increase in LDL-“bad” cholesterol. So far, nobody can say for sure.
However, according to Robert H. Eckel, professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, there is some evidence indicating that not all HDL is created equal. Just as we once thought all cholesterol was bad, there is now evidence that some "good" HDL may not be good after all (HDL particles are heterogeneous and multiple subclasses differing in diameter and density have been identified).
Reduce Triglycerides: Product Catalog
Triglyceride Reduction TGs Formula
Fish Body Oil
Digestive Aid
The Low-Grain, Low-Sugar Delight
Y-Dan Exercise (DVD)
Cancer C'N'R Formula
High Triglycerides | TGs Formula | For Advice or to Order, CALL: 1. 705. 876. 9223 (US/Can)
Monday - Friday: 10:00 am - 3:00 pm EST (Weekends & Holidays Excluded)
back to web version
Send us your feedback
Subscribe to $FREE 'LipidHealth e-News'
Request $FREE e-Pamphlet 'Say NO! to High Triglycerides'
Order your Triglycerides Reduction TGs Formula TODAY!
ReduceTriglycerides.com
© 2001-2013 Reduce High Triglycerides.com: Lowering High Triglycerides Naturally. Triglyceride Reduction TGs Formula - A Drug-Free Approach to Elevated Blood Triglycerides. All rights reserved worldwide. This document may not be copied in part or full without express written permission from the publisher. The information on reducing high triglycerides and nutrition provided herein is a general overview on this topic and may not apply to everyone, therefore, it should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. While reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information on reducing elevated triglycerides, Full of Health, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from use of the high triglyceride information herein.